The discipline of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) in University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) was established by a group of prestigious scientists such as Yang Chengzong, Ge Tingsui and Shi Changxu in the 1950s.

The discipline of Geophysics at the University of Science and Technology of China (hereafter USTC Geophysics) was founded in 1958 by Mr. ZHAO Jiuzhang. A group of well-known scientists such as ZHAO Jiuzhang and FU Chengyi worked or taught here.

In 1958, the Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, formerly known as the Department of Nuclear Physics and Engineering, was established to cultivate talents for ""Two Bombs and One Star"". In 1970, USTC moved south to Hefei. Adhering to the spirit of ""Two Bombs, One Star"", in 1991, USTC established China's first national laboratory, the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, which was awarded the First Prize of National Science and Technology Progress. In 2007, it was rated as a national key discipline.

The chemistry discipline of USTC was established in 1958 by a group of prestigious Chinese scientists such as Guo Yonghuai, Yang Chengzong and Wang Baoren. Since then, the discipline has continuously served the nation for high-quality education by nurturing young talents with global perspectives and for cutting-edge research by focusing on exploring new frontiers in science. 

USTC MBA Program in Suzhou, a two-year professional degree program, is taught in English with students coming from diverse backgrounds. It provides a platform where the western knowledge mixes with the Chinese reality. The MBA program gives deeper understanding about the international globalization and an opportunity to see China from a different perspective. 

The discipline of physics at the University of Science and Technology of China (hereafter USTC physics) was founded in 1958, with the participation of renowned physicists, including YAN Jici, MA Dayou, ZHAO Zhongyao, ZHANG Wenyu, WU Youxun etc..

The disciplines of Information and Communication Engineering of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) began with radio technology and other majors when USTC was founded in 1958.

In 1958, the discipline of Biophysics was established in USTC to train cutting-edge talents for the two bombs and one satellite. It was approved of as a national First-level key discipline of biology in 2007, and was selected as a national ""Double First-class"" Initiative in 2017. The school now has 164 full-time teachers, of whom 80% are national high-level talents.